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Tiberias
A city in the time of
Christ, on the Sea of Galilee; first mentioned in the NT (Jn 6:1,23; 21:1, "Sea of
Tiberias"), and then by Josephus, who states that it was built by Herod Antipas
and was named by him in honor of the emperor
Tiberius, A.D. 14-37.
It was one of nine towns around the sea, each one having not less than 15,000
inhabitants. Because Tiberias was situated on the edge of the ancient walled
town Rakkath (Josh. 19:35), or Hammath, whose cemetery lies beneath it, in Jesus'
time it was avoided by strict Jews. There is no record of
Jesus ever visiting the city. It was noted for its laxness as a hot-water bath
resort.
Tiberias was the capital of
Galilee from the time of its origin until the reign of Herod Agrippa II, who changed
the seat of power back again to Sepphoris, where it had been before the
founding of the new city. Many of the inhabitants were Greeks and Romans, and foreign
custom prevailed there to such an extent as to give offense to stricter Jews.
After the destruction of
Jerusalem in A.D. 70, Tiberias became a Jewish metropolis and center of rabbinic
learning.
After A.D. 150, it was well known as the seat of the
Sanhedrin and the rabbinical schools from which came the Talmud and the Masorah. The
city lies
about twelve miles S of the entrance of the
Jordan into the Lake of Galilee and six miles N of the river's exit from the sea.
The vicinity is rich in archaeological possibilities, especially the area between
the city and the famous hot springs. Masonry of various dates survives,
including a
synagogue.