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Idumea
IDUME'A (id-u-me'a; Gk. "Pertaining to Edom").
This is a term employed by Greeks and Romans for the country of Edom (Mk 3:8).
After the fall of
Jerusalem (587 BC) the Edomites began to advance northward . By 312 B.C. the
Nabataeans, who established themselves in Edom, drove them from Petra. The Edomites were
gradually pushed into the southern half of
Judea, including the region around Hebron, an area that the Greeks later called
Idumea.
Judas Maccabaeus warred against them and a half century later
John Hyrcanus completely subdued them, imposed the rite of
circumcision, and invoked the old Jewish law of assembly (Deut 23:7-8).
Julius
Caesar in 47 BC appointed an
Idumean, Antipater, procurator of Judea,
Samaria, and
Galilee. Herod, son of Antipater, was crowned king of the Jews in 37 BC. When Titus
besieged Jerusalem in A.D. 70, the Idumeans joined the Jews in rebellion against
Rome. Josephus says that 20,000 Idumeans were admitted as defenders of the
Holy City. Once within, they proceeded to rob and kill, but these traitors
received the same fate as the few surviving Jews when Rome took over Jerusalem.
Idumea, or Edom, ceased to be.